BELLOWS AND GAS EXCHANGE TRADE

The Human Body
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Part III
The CO2 / O2 exchange company
The bellow that keeps the internal flames alive

GAS EXCHANGE Air sacs and blood vessel network for free gas exchange

These small sac like spaces, the alveoli are surrounded, by a capillary network of blood vessels and it is here that the exchange of gasses occur.

There are nearly three to four million alvoli, in the lung lined by a membrane of cells, the total area for exchange of gases is nearly 80 sq meters (forty times the skin area), and this membrane is thin less than one thousandth of a millimeter in thickness. All these factors help the free exchange of gases in the lungs.

The high carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for the high oxygen in the inhaled air in the alveolus.
These exchanges occur, because of difference of concentration of these gases, between the blood and the air in the alveoli.

The capillary blood now has the same oxygen content and carbondioxide content as the air. However, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is much higher because of haemoglobin in the RBC.

Lung Facts
The lung surface
- There are about 300 million alveoli in your lungs.
- Open out and laid flat, the inside of the alveoli would cover an area the size of a tennis court.
- There are over 2,400km of airways in your lung.

COUGHING AND SNEEZING The natural way to reject the unwanted.
These are important mechanism for the send out of the respiratory system any harmful particles that enter through breathing. This also occurs when food enters the wind pipe.

Food is prevented from entering the larynx by it being closed by the epiglottis, during swallowing this larynx, the sound box where the vocal cords are located, these two cords by the use of their muscles can narrow the passage, and the air rushing through can vibrate the cords producing sound. From here the air enters the trachea which forms a part of the lower passage.

Coughing and hiccupping the ejection process
-The surfaces of the airways are protected by a film of slimy liquid called mucus. When you have a cold or a chest infection, the airways may fill up with mucus, making you cough to clear them.
- Smoking irritates the airways and makes them fill up with mucus. It also weakens the tiny hairs or 'cilia' that push the mucus out. So lungs are prone to infection. Smoking also increases the risk of lung cancer.
- Hiccups are caused by a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, dragging air into your lungs so quickly that your vocal cords snap shut.

Voice Sounds and speech equipment
- When babies are born their vocal cords are about 6mm across.
- A man's vocal cords are about 30mm long; a woman's are about 20mm. Because a man's vocal
cords are longer; they vibrate slower and give him a deeper voice.
- During childhood, a boy's vocal cords are similar in length to a girl's. But in his teenage years, they grow longer, and his voice 'breaks', becoming deeper.
- At the front, the vocal cords are attached to a small lump of cartilage called the Adam's apple. In his teenage year's, a boy's Adam's apple grows much bigger and is usually visible at the front of the neck.
-The technical name for the vocal cords and the slit between them is the glottis. The epiglottis is the fold of cartilage above the glottis the blocks off the larynx when you swallow food.

Respiratory System
Symptom to remember
- Breathing rate increase
- Difficult breathing
- Have to sit up when sleeping
- Coughing

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