TESTS FOR WATER WORKS

The Human Body
The Urinary System Part IIIa
Water balance and waste disposal

URINE TEST Sugar, protein and cell spill over test
The commonest examination done when you visit a doctor is a routine examination of urine, where the urine is examined for sugar, proteins and cells.
There should be none of the above in normal healthy urine.

The blood is also examined for urea and this should be between 20-40 mg in a normal person. Any rise in the urea in the blood needs a detail examination of renal functions


NEWER TECHNIQUE High technology

Ultrasound Scan (US):
This is a non-invasive investigation and has to a large extent, replaced radiological tests (X-Ray) in obtaining information regarding the size, shape & location of kidney.

Radio isotope Studies:
Radio isotope labeled substances excreted by the glomeruli, or tubules, provide a function related, radio isotope image of the kidney.

Information on relative function of different areas of the kidney can also be obtained from this image.

Urodynamics:
These studies are used to assess the lower urinary tracts (bladder, urethra).
These studies provide information on:
1. Cystometery: Volume and pressure change in the bladder can be measured.
2. Urine flow studies: Volume of urine voided in cc per second of time can be measured.
3. Measuring urine loss in incontinence.


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